Read the numbers

Market fundamentals

Vacancy, absorption, cap rates — a handful of numbers tell you which way an industrial market is moving. Here's how to read them.

Vacancy & absorptionAsking vs. effective rentCap rates & NOI
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EducationMarket fundamentals
Vital signs

The numbers that matter

Every market report leans on the same short list of statistics. Learn these and the rest is commentary.

Vacancy rateEmpty space as a share of all space. The blunt-instrument health metric: low single digits means landlords have the leverage; high and rising means tenants do.
Availability rateAll space being marketed — including space that's still occupied or under construction. Always runs higher than vacancy, and rises earlier; the gap between the two is a preview of where vacancy is heading.
Asking rentWhat landlords quote, usually in dollars per square foot per year (industrial is typically quoted NNN). A trend line more than a truth — nobody prints their bottom number.
Effective rentWhat tenants actually pay once free rent and concessions are spread over the term. When asking rents hold steady but effective rents slip, the market is softening quietly.
Net absorptionThe change in total occupied space over a period — demand, in square feet. Positive means the market filled space on net; negative means it gave space back.
Deliveries & pipelineNew space completed, and space under construction — supply. The absorption-versus-deliveries race decides which way vacancy moves next.
Pricing

Cap rates, decoded

The number that connects a building's income to its price.

The capitalization rate is simply net operating income divided by price. A building producing $100,000 of NOI priced at a 6% cap costs about $1.67 million. Flip it around: buyers use the cap rate they'll accept to turn income into a bid.

Lower cap rate = more expensive per dollar of income. Cap rates compress (fall) when interest rates drop, when leases are long and tenants strong, or when buyers expect rent growth — and expand (rise) on the reverse. The same $100,000 of NOI is worth $2 million at a 5% cap and $1.43 million at 7%, which is why small cap-rate moves make headlines.

NOI, defined

Net operating income is the property's revenue minus operating expenses — taxes, insurance, maintenance, management — but before mortgage payments and income taxes. It's the standardized "what does this building earn" number that cap rates, appraisals, and loan underwriting are all built on.

Reading reports

How to read a market report

Quarterly market reports bury the signal in the tables. Five checks pull it out.

Race absorption against deliveries

If new supply is outrunning demand, vacancy rises no matter how good the headline sounds — and vice versa.

Split by size segment

Small-bay and big-box are different markets that often move in opposite directions. A "soft market" headline driven by empty 500,000-foot boxes says nothing about 5,000-foot suites.

Compare asking to effective

A widening gap means concessions are doing the discounting that asking rents won't admit to.

Watch sublease space

Companies quietly shedding space they're still paying for is the earliest honest demand signal — it grows before vacancy does.

Check rent growth against inflation

Nominal rent growth below inflation is real-terms decline. The dollar figure grows; the market doesn't.

Our corner

Why small-bay South Florida is its own animal

National industrial headlines are written about big-box distribution. South Florida's small-bay market runs on different physics: developable land is nearly gone, and what remains pencils better as large projects — so almost no new small-bay product gets built even when demand surges. Meanwhile the tenant base (contractors, services, distributors, makers) keeps growing with the population, and owner-users compete with investors for the same scarce buildings.

The result is a market where small-suite vacancy stays tight even in quarters when the big-box segment softens, and where well-located older buildings hold value beyond what their specs alone would justify. It's the segment we live in — and why reading the size-segment split matters more here than almost anywhere.

Quick answers

Frequently asked

Is high vacancy good or bad for me?

Depends which chair you sit in. As a tenant, rising vacancy is leverage — more options, better concessions. As an owner, it's pressure. Either way, the trend matters more than the level.

What's a basis point?

One hundredth of a percent. A cap rate moving from 6.00% to 6.25% moved 25 basis points — and knocked roughly 4% off the value of the same income stream.

Why do industrial rents get quoted NNN?

Because operating costs vary so much building to building that quoting base rent plus pass-throughs is the only honest comparison. See our lease-types guide for the full breakdown.

Keep reading

Want the numbers for your submarket?

We track availability, rents, and sales across South Florida industrial daily. Ask us what your size range is actually doing right now.

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