Leases, decoded

Lease types & terms

NNN, gross, modified gross — every lease quote hides the real number somewhere different. Here's how to read them side by side.

NNN · gross · modifiedCAM & pass-throughsEscalations, TI & options
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Three ways to quote the same space

Two spaces can advertise very different rents and cost you exactly the same — because each lease type splits the building's expenses differently. Always establish the type before comparing numbers.

NNN Triple net

Base rent plus your share of the building's property taxes, insurance, and common-area maintenance (the three "nets"). The advertised rate looks lowest, but you pay the operating costs on top. Most industrial space is quoted this way.

GROSS Full-service gross

One number covers rent and operating expenses — the landlord pays taxes, insurance, and upkeep. Simple to budget, and the advertised rate looks highest. Common for office space, less so for industrial.

MG Modified gross

The middle ground: base rent includes some expenses and you pick up others — often your own utilities and janitorial, sometimes any increase in taxes or insurance above the first year ("base year"). Read the split carefully; no two are identical.

Heard "industrial gross"?

It's a modified gross variant common in small-bay industrial: rent includes the building's current taxes and insurance, and tenants pay increases plus their own utilities. Treat the label as a starting point — the lease language, not the name, decides who pays what.

The three nets

What the N's actually are

On an NNN lease you reimburse your pro-rata share (your suite's percentage of the building) of three expense buckets. Together they're often called NNN charges, CAM, or pass-throughs.

Property taxesThe building's real-estate tax bill, split among tenants by square footage. In Florida this is usually the biggest of the three — and it can jump after the building sells and is reassessed.
InsuranceThe landlord's property and liability coverage on the building. In South Florida, windstorm premiums make this a real number. Your own contents and liability policy is separate and still required.
CAMCommon-area maintenance: landscaping, parking-lot repairs, exterior lighting, trash, management fees, sometimes reserves for bigger repairs. Ask for the itemized budget — "CAM" hides the most variety.

NNN charges are an estimate, reconciled against actual expenses once a year. If actuals came in higher, you get a bill for the difference; lower, a credit. Asking for the last two years of reconciliations tells you whether the estimate is honest.

Glossary

The terms that decide what you really pay

Ten terms that show up in almost every industrial lease — and move real money.

Base rentThe headline rate, usually quoted in dollars per square foot per year. 5,000 SF at $14/SF is $70,000 a year — $5,833 a month before NNN charges.
EscalationsAutomatic annual rent increases, typically a fixed 3–4% per year in today's market (older leases used CPI). Compounding matters: 4% a year is about 22% by year five.
TI allowanceTenant improvements — money the landlord contributes to build out your space, quoted per square foot. More TI usually means a longer term or higher rent; it's financing, not a gift.
Free rentMonths of abated rent at move-in, common on longer terms. Often you still pay NNN charges during free months — check.
Personal guarantyYour personal promise to pay if your company can't. Standard ask for newer businesses; negotiable in scope ("good guy" and burn-off guaranties limit it over time).
Option to renewYour right — not obligation — to extend at a pre-agreed rent or "market" rate. Options protect you; without one, a landlord can re-lease your space out from under a successful business.
HoldoverWhat you pay if you stay past lease end without renewing — typically 150–200% of rent. Expensive way to buy time; calendar your dates.
EstoppelA short certificate you sign confirming your lease terms when the building is sold or refinanced. Routine, but read it — it can't change your deal, only state it.
SNDASubordination, non-disturbance and attornment — an agreement with the landlord's lender that your lease survives a foreclosure. Worth requesting on long or heavily built-out leases.
Security depositCommonly one to two months' rent, sometimes plus last month's. Larger deposits are a common trade for weaker financials or less guaranty.
Do the math

Compare quotes apples to apples

A five-minute exercise that prevents the most common leasing mistake: picking the quote that only looked cheaper.

Put everything in $/SF/year

Convert monthly quotes to annual and gross quotes to their parts. One consistent unit or the comparison is fiction.

Add the NNN estimate to NNN quotes

A $12.50 NNN space with $4.75 in charges costs $17.25 — which may be more than a $16.50 modified gross space. Compare totals, never base rents.

Ask what CAM includes

Management fees, reserves, and admin markups vary building to building. Same label, different contents.

Model years 2 and 3

Apply each quote's escalation. A cheaper year one with steeper escalations can cost more over the term.

Count the concessions

Spread free rent and TI across the term to get an effective rate. That's the number the two deals should be judged on.

One less line item

Florida's long-standing sales tax on commercial rent was repealed effective October 2025. Older quotes, budgets, and lease abstracts may still show it — new leases shouldn't.

Quick answers

Frequently asked

What does "$12.50 NNN + $4.75" actually cost me?

Add them: $17.25 per square foot per year. On 5,000 SF that's $86,250 a year, about $7,188 a month — before your own utilities and insurance.

Who pays for the roof in an NNN lease?

Usually the landlord carries structural items like the roof and slab as capital costs — but some leases pass roof repairs (or even replacement, amortized) through CAM. It's one of the first clauses we check.

Can my NNN charges go up mid-lease?

Yes — they track the building's actual expenses, so a tax reassessment or insurance spike flows through at the annual reconciliation, even while your base rent is fixed.

What's a typical industrial lease term?

Three to five years, often with one or two renewal options. Landlords trade longer terms for TI dollars and free rent; month-to-month exists but you'll pay for the flexibility.

Keep reading

Negotiating a lease?

Send us the quote. We'll break down what it really costs per month — and which terms are negotiable.

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© 2026 RE/MAX Industrial Assets · Educational content — not legal, tax, or investment advice.